"We recently were awarded another year of funding," said AZ HEROES research team member Karen Lutrick, assistant professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the College of Medicine – Tucson. The study was originally funded with a $7.7 million CDC grant. In addition to continuing research into COVID-19 immunity and vaccine efficacy, AZ HEROES researchers are beginning to examine the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 variants. "But more importantly, we've added a number of measures of the severity of infection among individuals who have been vaccinated as a comparison to those who haven't, and we measured how much virus there is and for how long." "We are still seeing the same high levels of vaccine effectiveness, so we feel good about that," Burgess said. This is on par with study data published in the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report on March 29. Additionally, the report indicated a single dose of vaccine proved 81% effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection. 14, 2020 to April 10, 2021, researchers found that two doses of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine were 91% effective against infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. locations – continue to undergo weekly nasal swab testing for COVID-19, as well as quarterly blood tests. Study participants – which included health care personnel, first responders and other essential and frontline workers in eight U.S. The findings, published June 30 in the New England Journal of Medicine, incorporate data from two ongoing Centers for Disease Control-funded studies: the AZ HEROES study and the Abt Associates-led Research on the Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Essential Response Personnel, or RECOVER, study. That represents a 66% reduction in the risk that a vaccinated person will have a confirmed infection for more than one week.Īdditionally, the risk of having COVID-19 with an accompanying fever was 58% lower for vaccinated participants, who reported two fewer days sick in bed, on average, and an overall length of illness that was six days shorter than that of unvaccinated people. The majority of infections among unvaccinated participants were detected for two or more weeks, compared with only one week among vaccinated participants. In addition to disease severity, researchers looked at infection longevity. Viral load – the amount of SARS-CoV-2 virus found in a test sample – is not an indicator of how contagious an individual is, though early COVID-19 research suggests viral load could play a role in disease severity and secondary transmission.
Researchers found that study participants who were partially or fully vaccinated with the Pfizer and Moderna messenger RNA vaccines at the time of infection had a viral load that was 40% less than that of unvaccinated participants. Approximately half of the participants were from Arizona study sites. Among 3,975 participants in two studies, SARS-CoV-2 infections were identified in five participants who were fully vaccinated and 11 who were partially vaccinated, as well as in 156 unvaccinated participants. While the COVID-19 vaccines are proving to be highly effective in preventing COVID-19 infection, no vaccine is 100% effective, and breakthrough infections do occur. "Even if you do get it, there will be less of the virus in you and your illness is likely to be much milder." Jeff Burgess, associate dean for research and professor at the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health and principal investigator of the Arizona Healthcare, Emergency Response, and Other Essential Workers Surveillance study, otherwise know as AZ HEROES. "If you get vaccinated, about 90% of the time you're not going to get COVID-19," said Dr. Kris Hanning/University of Arizona Health Sciences
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